مجله روانشناسی ورزش
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks combined training on balance in men with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty men with MS with mean age of 34.45±3.75 yrs, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale 2.95±1.54, mean weight 71.95±7.45 Kg and mean body mass index 24.78±2.01 Kg/m2 , were randomly divided to subgroup, experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Research method has been two types of group with two steps of pre-test and post-test. The experimental group, beside consuming the prescribed drugs, participated in eight weeks combined training (include warming for 20 minutes, aerobic training for 15 minutes with 50-70% maximum heart rate strength exercises with upper and lower extremities for 15 minutes with 50-70% 1RM and recovery for 10 minutes) 3 times a week for 60 minutes, while control group only consumed prescribed drugs. The data were analyzed with SPSS16 software and Factorial ANOVA significant with level at (P<0.05). The result of this study showed that combined training on stair climbing test in experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). But improvement in timed 10-meters walk test and timed up and go test in experimental group with MS did not significantly decreased (P>0.05). However, the result suggests that combined training program can improve motor function in men with multiple sclerosis.

The Aim of Present study was to examine effects of Attentional focus on performance (postural sways) and EMG’s changes. Thus, 10 Athletes (19-26 Years old) with at least 10 years experience in Gymnastics, in a counterbalanced manner performed under tow conditions of internal (focus on legs) and external (focus on stabilimeter plate) focus. In each condition, 10 trails 20 seconds conducted. Postural sways using Biodex Stabiliometer device and EMG signals using ME6000 recorded and analyzed using paired t test. Results showed no effects on balance performance of skill athletes and reduced EMG activity under external focus. Research findings (reduced EMG) supports Constraint action hypothesis. Although attentional Focus have no effects on balance performance of skilled athlete but it can have profound effects on motor behavior and the underlying neurophysiologic including completing action with more efficiency in external focus and skilled athletes will used its advantages at least in movement quality.

The current study aims was at comparing the effects of two training methods Aerobics and Hip-hop on the psychological well-being of male students in Urmia University. The research method was of a quasiexperimental nature in the form of a time-series design using some groups, two experimental groups and group control. Sixty subjects (21.46±1.79 years old) in Urmia university were randomly selected and assigned to three groups of 20. The subjects in the experimental groups participated in training program three times a week for a total of three months. To collect the data Ryff’s scale psychological well-being (1989) was used. The results of repeated measure analysis of variance showed that the two training methods, Aerobics and Hip-hop, exerted a significant effect on the psychological well-being (p<0/001). In general, it was revealed in the current research that Hip-hop training programs can have a more effective influence on the psychological well-being of the students compared with the Aerobic training programs. Despite the difference in the effects of the two methods of training on psychological wellbeing, the need for more studies in this area can shed more light on the issue and provide a more enlightened response about what training program can affect the psychological well-being of students.

The vision is considerably more sensitive than other senses in perceptual - motor responses and it is also sensitive to details, depth and color. As a result, it has a decisive role in controlling movement. This study has been conducted to draw a comparison of effect of the primary colors on depth perception in athletes. This method is semi-experimental and the sample consisted of 72 athletes in the age range 19 - 26 years (22.88± 1.98) who were selected through available sampling. Subjects' depth perception in each color(blue, red & green) have been evaluated in three continues tries by the depth perception device made by the researchers that has capability to assess the depth perception with the smallest error (one ten thousandth cm). The average of these three tries was used as depth perception scores of people in each color. Results in repeated measures ANOVA showed in athletes, that there are significant differences between the primary colors (p= 0.01, df=1.25 and F(1.25,88.65)= 9.83). Athletes showed the best depth perception in yellow color. There was no significant difference between depth perception in red and green colors and red and blue colors too. Also the most error in depth perception was in blue color. The reason of this object maybe was that colors in orange-green- yellow spectrum have most receptors in retina. And also blue color has maximum refraction in eye glass because of this fact that shorter wavelengths of visible light are refracted more than longer wavelengths. Moreover another reason that has been improved depth perception maybe was more contrast on green in yellow background.

The purpose of this study was to compare the sources of sport confidence in skilled male and female footsall players. This study was causal-comparative research. Statistical population of this study was all footsall players participating in third category of national Footsall league. The Statistical sample of the study was 222 players (110 men, 112 women) who were selected randomly. Vealey’s SSCQ Questionnaire was used to measure the sources of sport confidence. Data was analyzed by using t-student Independent and Friedman Tests. The results of the study revealed that, there are significant differences on some of sport confidence sources between skilled male and female footsall players. Meaning that female players were better than male players in all of the sport confidence sources except environmental Comfort. There were significant differences between the priorities of confidence sources in skilled male and female footstall players. These differences were in sources of coaches’ leadership, social support and physical self-presentation in terms of sequences but in the reaming sources they were the same. In either grope, Physical/mental preparation was the first priorities and Situational Favorableness was the last priorities respectively. This finding, based on Vealey & Chase’s (2008) revised model of sport confidence is explainable. Sources of sport confidence are influenced by personality and demographic characteristics and cultural and environmental features.

The purpose of this study was comparison effect of increasing and decreasing contextual interference with the change parameter on the anticipation timing coincidence task learning and error detection capability. 40 boy students (23 – 25 years old) participated in this study (10 students in each group). Subjects don’t know any thing about respective task. Different levels of contextual interference (block, random, increasing and decreasing) were comared with same motor program and different parameter. Task includes anticipation timing coinsident whit different speeds (change parameter). After the training, subjects participated in retention and transfer tests and also their absolute error were assessed. One way Anova, repeated measurement and toky tests were used for data analysis (SPSS 16). There was different significant between absolut error block group and other groups in acquisition stage (p<0.05) but there was not different significant between groups in retention and transfer stages. Results support the hypothesis Magill and Hall (1990). They believed that contextual interferenc effect was not observed with change parameter.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks combined training on balance in men with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty men with MS with mean age of 34.45±3.75 yrs, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale 2.95±1.54, mean weight 71.95±7.45 Kg and mean body mass index 24.78±2.01 Kg/m2, were randomly divided to subgroup, experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Research method has been two types of group with two steps of pre-test and post-test. The experimental group, beside consuming the prescribed drugs, participated in eight weeks combined training (include warming for 20 minutes, aerobic training for 15 minutes with 50-70% maximum heart rate strength exercises with upper and lower extremities for 15 minutes with 50-70% 1RM and recovery for 10 minutes) 3 times a week for 60 minutes, while control group only consumed prescribed drugs. The data were analyzed with SPSS16 software and Factorial ANOVA significant with level at (P<0.05). The result of this study showed that combined training on stair climbing test in experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). But improvement in timed 10-meters walk test and timed up and go test in experimental group with MS did not significantly decreased (P>0.05). However, the result suggests that combined training program can improve motor function in men with multiple sclerosis.